Global port management system.

Hutchison Port Holdings (HPH) is the world's leading port developer, operator and industry leader in using technology to improve all aspects of port administration. HPH actively invests in the development of modern port infrastructure and is committed to playing a significant role in the development of the economies and the expansion of international trade opportunities for the countries in which it operates.Therefore, to coordinate many ports around the world, HPH had created nGen, a calable system that would facilitate port operations in many languages on several continents and across many different time zones.The nGen System Increasing use of information technology (IT) at the ports has streamlined the transportation supply chain and made local manufacturers and import-export businesses more internationally competitive. In order to remain competitive, HPH need to develop a new terminal management system to efficiently and effectively control all port operations around the globe.Th e nGen system would control perations including ship and yard planning, gate operations, vessel operations and interactions, yard confguration and performance, overall operations monitoring, equipment utilization, productivity and cost optimization This project is the first major system codevelopment project between two of HPH's subsidiary ports, the Hong Kong International Terminals (HIT), the flagship operation of HPH in Hong Kong, and Yantian International Container Terminals (YICT) that located in Shenzhen, China. . Challenges to develop the nGen System a. The project teams need to solve all the variances. Each of HPH's ports is different in size. So, it's required to comply with differing sets of regulations contingent upon local trade and customs policies. Besides, it's located on different continents, in different time zones, and with personnel who speak different languages. b.The project team needs to consider the interests of a diverse group of stakeholders The project team needs to consider the terminal operations, operations development and information services. The project also, would need to effectively manage input from these groups. c. The scope of the project The project team would have to ensure that it allocated adequate time to complete ach part of the project. The project team began work in February 2001 and the deadline was in August 2005.

Princess Culture

In â€Å"Cinderella and Princess Culture†, by Peggy Orenstein, she guides us through her inner-debate on the true nature of princesses. Orenstein writes on what she calls a princess â€Å"craze† (326) and how major companies like Disney, Mattel, and Saks have joined in the frenzy to ensnare young girls with pink and sparkles. It is possible that Orenstein is trying to tell us that princesses themselves are not the problem; it is the marketing of princesses that has the potential to steal independence from young girls.Firstly, Orenstein reveals some of the eye-popping figures that companies have been making on princesses. Even with stringent competition from Mattel and Saks, Disney still tops the charts with an annual profit of â€Å"$3 billion, globally† (327). With a â€Å"myriad† (327) of products pouring into the market, Orenstein claims that â€Å"pink, it seems, is the new gold† (327). By pointing out all of the new products dealing with prince sses, perhaps Orenstein is attempting to draw attention to the sheer size of the princess â€Å"craze† (326) and how it is potentially detrimental to young girls because, if they only see princess toys, then their power to choose what they want has been diminished drastically.Orenstein worries openly about what exposing her daughter to stereotypes will do to her, wondering â€Å"what playing Little Mermaid is teaching [her daughter]† (327). Orenstein then moves on to reevaluate her feminist views, but feels that â€Å"maybe [she is] still surfing a washed-out second wave of feminism in a third-wave world. Maybe princesses are in fact a sign of progress†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (328). Perhaps Orenstein is trying to get readers to realize that being a princess could be a new form of feminism and independence for girls instead of a symbol of dependence.Orenstein gives readers the inside scoop on how the â€Å"rise of Disney princesses reads like a fairy tale† (328) to furthe r investigate the influence the market has on young girls. Orenstein speaks to Andy Mooney, an employee at Disney, about the formation of the Disney Princess line. Mooney says that he saw that girls were already dressing as princesses and to create a specific line of Disney products was to â€Å"‘[allow] these girls to do what they’re doing anyway†¦Ã¢â‚¬â„¢Ã¢â‚¬  (328).With Mooney’s words, readers are  inclined to think that, if girls already want to be princesses, then there might be nothing wrong with the marketing of princesses after all. However, Orenstein then points out that, according to a survey by Girls Inc., â€Å"school-age girls overwhelmingly [report] a paralyzing pressure to be ‘perfect’† (329). Orenstein’s statement brings the reader back to realizing the immense potential marketing has to take away independence from young girls, further solidifying Orenstein’s worry and mistrust of the commercial empires that have played a part in the rise of princesses.From the beginning, Orenstein appears critical of the princess â€Å"craze† (326) and the monstrous marketing machine that has risen up beside it. Orenstein wonders, however, whether or not being a princess is truly bad for a girl’s ability to remain independent, but this thought does not last. As Orenstein’s thoughts draw to a close, it is apparent that she has made no definite conclusions about princesses, marketing, and who is to blame. Perhaps readers can take away the thought that, even with the market still looming over girls’ heads, there is still the potential to be an independent princess.

An Outpost of Progress Infobox

Notes for the Teachers One Language – Many Voices Joseph Conrad: An Outpost of Progress INfO-BOx Cultural and historical background The colonization of Central Africa did not set in until the very end of the 19th century, when ‘the scramble for Africa’ – the race of European powers to divide the continent among themselves – got under way: In 1870 European countries owned only 10% of Africa, by 1900 it was 90%. For a long time access to the huge territories in the Congo River basin was considered impossible due to the impenetrable forests and the impassable rapids of the river itself, which served as a barrier to European exploitation.The adventurer and journalist Henry Morton Stanley gained the interest and support of the Belgian King Leopold II for his expeditions into the Congo basin ‘to prove that the Congo natives were susceptible of civilization and that the Congo basin was rich enough to repay exploitation’. In the name of Leopold II he appropriated land and labour for the king’s newly founded ‘Association Internationale du Congo’. Leopold’s claim to the Congo was recognized at the International Africa Conference in Berlin in 1884–1885, presided over by Bismarck. The Congo Free State, as it was ironically called, was confirmed as the private property of King Leopold II in return for guarantees of neutrality, free trade and opposition to slavery. The Congo Free State, 1900 next to nothing, apart from small amounts of cloth, beads or brass rods. The rubber boom started in the mid-1890s due to the increasing industrial demand from Europe. While the rubber trade made a fortune for Leopold II, it led to the extreme brutalization of the local population. Under Leopold’s ownership approximately 10 million Congolese died as a consequence of exploitation and disease.To enforce the rubber quotas, the Force Publique (FP) was called in. The FP was an army, but its aim was not to defend the country, but to terrorize the population, which it did by cutting off the limbs of the natives; this practice was disturbingly widespread. When news of these atrocities reached Europe, there was a public outcry; the British parliament asked Roger Casement to make an inquiry into the situation in the country. The result of his enquiry was the famous Congo Report (1904). Casement had been a British diplomat in the Congo, where he met Conrad and whose Heart of Darkness (1899) had deeply influenced him.In 1903 Conrad wrote to Casement saying, ‘there exists in Africa a Congo State, created by the act of European powers, where ruthless, systematic cruelty towards the blacks is the basis of the administration’. Conrad’s novel also contributed to a widespread knowledge of the colonial abuses and crimes taking place in Africa. In 1908 Leopold II was forced to sell the Congo Free State to the Belgian government, which annexed it as a Belgian colony until its independence in 1960, when it was named Zaire. Its history since then has not been much happier. Following the secessionist Katanga CivilWar, the country was brutalized under the dictatorship of President Mobutu. In 1997, when Mobutu was overthrown by the rebel leader Laurent Kabila, the country was renamed The Democratic Republic of the Congo. Torn between ethnic strife and civil wars, involving refugees from Rwanda and Burundi and displacements from Sudan, the country is still unstable. Biographical aspects Ivory and rubber were the main sources of income for King Leopold’s company and its agents: they and their African auxiliaries seized all the ivory that could be found, buying tusks from villages for a pittance, or simply confiscating them.They were working on a lucrative commission structure imposed by the King in 1890, of which the African elephant hunters received 26 As captain of a steamship, Joseph Conrad travelled up the Congo River to Central Africa and the heart of the Congo in 1890, and then went on an overland track to Leopoldville (now Kinshasa). As we kn ow from his diaries and letters, which he wrote in English, he was deeply concerned with the greed of Belgian (and other European) merchants, the abuses of colonial powers and atrocities committed by white managers and their black auxiliaries, always in the name of a missionary and rogressive spirit to ‘enlighten the dark continent’. But he also met with what he thought to be cannibalism, and was confused Notes for the Teachers by the natives’ drums and ‘wild savagery’. His decision to resign from his post as captain was as much caused by his ill health as by his desire to become a writer. It has been said that ‘Africa killed Conrad the sailor and strengthened Conrad the writer’1 In his extensive writings (over 40 works of fiction of various length) the themes of travel and the pursuit of material and idealistic goals as well as isolation, ambition and failure can be said to be drawn from his own experiences.Conrad: An Outpost of Progress His deep-rooted scepticism of imperialism can be linked to his Polish background: born into a nation which had vanished from the map after being annexed by Russia, Prussia and Austria in 1795, and into a family which had opposed Russian oppression and been exiled to Ukraine, Conrad had good reason to question the right of stronger powers to impose their wills on smaller nations. 1 Jean-Aubry, Georges. Joseph Conrad in the Congo. New York: Haskell, 1973. Interpretation Summary Kayerts and Carlier are p ut in charge of a remote and unpromising trading station on a river.

Hurricane Preparedness Planning for Law Enforcement Agencies Essay

Hurricane Preparedness Planning for Law Enforcement Agencies - Essay Example Many of these locations are vacation locations and swell in population during the hurricane season. This, in itself, causes secondary problems when it comes time to evacuate these areas. The population has outgrown the roads, which leads to evacuation problems. With the high cost associated with boarding up homes, closing businesses, and evacuating, a real strain is put on the residents of these hurricane prone areas. Law enforcement needs to also look at what it does internally for its employees when they are dealing with an event such as a hurricane. The hurricanes that have struck the south Florida region have taught many things to first responders and the agencies that have employed them. Such events as Hurricane Andrew changed the way Florida looks at hurricanes. Andrew formed on August 16th, 1992 and dissipated on August 28th. Andrew is the second most destructive hurricane in U.S. history. With winds recorded at 175 Mph, it is one of only three Category 5 hurricanes to make landfall in the U.S. in the 20th century. In 1992, damage from Hurricane Andrew was estimated at $26 billion and was the most damaging storm in U.S. history (NOAA, 2003). It was in 2005 when Hurricane Katrina made landfall that the record books changed. When Hurricane Charlie appeared in August 2004, winds ... Hurricane Charlie came just 24 hours after Hurricane Bonnie struck northwestern Florida. This was the first time in history that two hurricanes had struck the same state in a 24 hour time period. Charlie caught many by surprise when it suddenly changed direction and came ashore in the area of Captiva Island and Charlotte Harbor on August 13, 2004. The hurricane didn't meet its demise when it made its way across the state to the Atlantic. Once it entered the Atlantic near the Daytona Beach area, it went on to strike the Carolinas and then made its way to Virginia Beach. It was Hurricane Charlie that told us a lot about storm forecasting. A real fact regarding hurricane prediction is that you cannot predict what the storm will do during every moment of its life. The forecast had stated that Charlie would run north up the coast of Florida and make landfall near the Tampa area. Instead, it made a sharp right turn and roared ashore 100 miles south of its predicted target. Storm forecasting is better left to the weather experts. It is the National Hurricane Center (NHC) in Miami, Florida that takes care of the forecasting for the Atlantic states. The Weather Forecast Office (WFO) also takes care of forecasting tasks with offices located around the region. The NHC looks at the big picture, which is 3 or 4 days of forecasting, while the WFO takes that information and combines the local tidal information to forecast what the impact will be to a particular area. Hurricane impact areas for the U.S. are the entire eastern seaboard of the United States that in cludes Florida, Georgia, Alabama, Louisiana, and Texas. In terms of law enforcement agencies, the response to a major event such as a hurricane can overwhelm their resources.

Cuban Missile Crisis and the International System Essay - 1

Cuban Missile Crisis and the International System - Essay Example Cold War – this pair of words was perhaps one of the most often used political terms in the last fifty years. Today this phrase is widely accepted in historical writings referring to the period between 1947-1948 and 1989-1990. Usually scholars associate it with nuclear confrontation between the Soviets and the United States, and the arms race that put the whole world on the brink of a devastating military clash . The Cold War was characterized by mutual mistrust and misunderstanding when the United States accused the USSR of attempts to swell the Communist doctrine throughout the world while the Soviets, in its turn, charged the United States with imperialist ways. The nature of the Cold War, its causes and outcomes are not yet clear: any scholar who explores the theme will inevitably face a series of controversial issues, such as inevitability of the Cold War, the role of personalities in escalation of the tension, the factors, economic, political or ideological that played the key role in the War, etc. The ideological aspect of the communist – capitalist confrontation was apparently the core thread of the Cold War. The wider notion of this conflict posits â€Å"†¦ as a distinctive period into the ideological struggle, originated in 1917-18, between the Wilsonian Impulse and Lenin's urge for peoples' democracy as the basis for securing peace† . Being the first impulse for emergence of the bipolar world, the ideological antagonism played the key role in changing threat perceptions and shifts of balance throughout confrontation. The Cuban Missile Crisis represented an important milestone in this confrontation: it was probably the first time in modern history that the two world leading superpowers realized their high vulnerability and mutual dependence.

Hnd Computing And Software Engineering Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Hnd Computing And Software Engineering - Essay Example If we are to analyze the elements stated above should be followed and must be present in order to do these things. First, one must have to plan the necessary movements and execution of it for it is the backbone of the task. Included in this task is the ocular of the place including surveying of the place, determining the available resources such as the electricity, nearest Internet service provider, the place where satellites and cables should be installed are among those things that should be given enough attention. In this case, problems definitely would arise and it is a common saying that in every problem, there is a solution. However, one cannot solve the problem if it is not analyzed and classified whether it is a well-defined or ill-defined one. To be able to know the differences of these two, it is necessary to define them. Ill-defined problems are those that are hard to define and most of the times they do contain things and elements that are hard to describe. In the same thing, most of experts and analysts agree that many important problems are ill-defined. On the other hand, the website http://www.si.umich.edu/SI502/slides/lecture11/tsld012.htm (2006) stated that well defined problems can be known as such "if initial conditions, solution, and methods can all be described." These things are best illustrated by mathematical problems, jigsaw puzzles and the likes. The same thing in this kind of problem, there is only a certain solution which one can easily track and preempt the outcome of the problem. By knowing these two types of problems, the shortcomings and other related troubles would be known and would be given solutions. Going back to the focal point, in the first problem wherein installation of internet network is required to three branches of the institute, the recognition as to whether it is a well or ill-defined problem is vital. If we are to analyze, problems that may be included in the well defined are the likes of the number of computer needed to be fielded in a certain branch, the type of internet service provider, the required number of memories that each of the computer set needs, the strategic location where the computer sets should be placed and the number of manpower needed for the installation and maintenance of the aforementioned gadgets are among those things that should be considered in this category. HND COMPUTING AND SOFTWARE ENGINEERING 3 In the ill-defined problems, the dilemma regarding what virus might struck in the computer sets, the capability of the manpower to execute the demand, the uniformity of performance of the computer sets in the three branches and other related problems are among those that are to be included in this kind of problem. The next thing after determining the problems is the execution of things that are to be done in order to have solutions in these things. For example in the well defined category, in determining the number of computer sets that are to be fielded in every branches, the size of the location of each branches is vital and is a big factor in order to know if how many computer sets would fit in the location without sacrificing the quality of the performance of the computer and the comfort of those who are using the facility. The determination of the internet-service providers

Human Geography Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2750 words

Human Geography Analysis - Essay Example Malawi is a little smaller than Pennsylvania with a population of 15 million people and 90 percent of them living with an average income less than two dollars a day. Experts are in the view that by the end of this century, the population is likely to be almost 132 million. At present, about 40 percent of people in Malawi live below the nation's poverty line. The cause may be for lingering poverty is that in excess of 70 percent of Malawians live in countryside areas where they depend on agriculture for living. Almost all farmers cultivate maize; however, the income from it is insufficient that few people have enough money to live on. Three different views for the future of worldwide agriculture are ranged contrary to one other. The first and most admired progressive idea for Malawi, perceives these agriculturalists as fighters of a condemned way of life to be supported in future. Paul Collier, Oxford economist, is the man behind this ‘noble’ vision who offered in a conte mptuous November 2008 Foreign Affairs article in which he hit the ‘romantics’ who coveted for farmer cultivation. Seeing wages in cities are higher than in the rural area, and most advanced nation is capable to nourish itself without peasant farmers, Collier demanded for the features of big agriculture. He as well asked European Union to assist with genetically improved crops and the United States to stop domestic aids for biofuel. Biofuel aids are ridiculous, as they cause food prices to go up, drain off grains from the bowls of the poor into the production of biofuel with partial environmental advantages. Even though global agroindustry has made great profits since the East India Company, it hasn't improved the standard of farmers and farm laborers, who are always society's deprived people. If the aim is to make the world's poorest people wealthier, it is better to invest in their farms and place of work than to drive them to the metropolises. World Development Report in 2008 by the World Bank found that, certainly, investment in farmers was effective and real ways of raising people out of poverty and starvation. Agriculturalists societies from Malawi to India to Brazil demanded that right to use land, water, viable technology, training, markets, and state venture in processing, and further entree to level playing arena on national and global markets can benefit them. Nevertheless it took three decades of inadequate plan for the development establishment to understand this, and yet to fully realize. So as to fight the Cold War in overseas arenas, the U.S. and important foundations spent profoundly in farming technologies, for instance, with improved seed and fertilizer. William Gaud, the USAID administrator, called it a Green Revolution. The Green Revolution was executed with less passion and success in Africa than in Asia. In 2006, the International Fertilizer Development Center viewed that $4 billion value of soil nutrients were being quarried from the African soil by farmers who, struggle to live, weren't filling the nitrogen, potassium, and phosphorous in the land. The reason for deteriorating soil quality lay because of systematic negligence since the 1980s that the World Bank itself acknowledged in an internal evaluation and the remedy is to fix the soil with technology. Consequently in 2006, the Rockefeller Foundation joined the Gates Foundation to launch ‘

Minard Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Minard - Assignment Example In the graphical image by Minard, he uses six organizational patterns in Technical Communication. The six organizational patterns shown in the figurative map of Napoleons disastrous Russian campaign of 1812-1813 include the army size. The army size is ideally the number of individuals in the army at any particular stage during the inversion. Secondly is the location. In the image, there is the location depiction at every stage, showing the reduction progression of the army men. The third organizational pattern shown is that of the direction of the army’s movement. The direction of the army’s movement is clearly shown as the movement progressed from the Niemen River to Moscow. Other organizational patterns included temperature variance, which also contributed significantly towards the reduction in the number of soldiers as they would not tolerate the low icing temperatures. The various challenges faced, also shown as an organizational pattern in the figure. It mainly identifies the various obstacles that contributed towards the reduction in the number of army men. These included diseases. The last of the organizational pattern observable is unity. The image shows that despite the numerous challenges that were faced by the army men, a majority of them remained unity in forging ahead with the

John Heartfield Photomontages and Marxism Essay

John Heartfield Photomontages and Marxism - Essay Example To understand this relationship between Marx and Heartfield, this paper will provide some background into Heartfield’s work and the Weimar Republic before analyzing three of Heartfield’s works in light of Karl Marx’s â€Å"The German Ideology.† Within the language of his art, Heartfield created photographic symbols for the various political parties. He included such images as clenched fists, raised arms and open hands to show the strong actions and determined nature of the men in the various parties to do what they felt was important. Rather than going out and working to take his own photographs, Heartfield opted to take recognizable photographs from the mainstream press and reassemble them in such a way as to change the meaning of the image to what he envisioned. Most of his images appeared in the magazine Die Arbeiter-Illustrierte Zeitung (Worker’s Illustrated Magazine or AIZ). To make his meanings as clear as possible, Heartfield stuck to a minimalist style, restricting himself to only a few telling images in each piece, thus becoming a father of the modern and postmodern movements. The Weimar Republic, a convenient name developed by scholars to distinguish the political situation in Germany between the two world wars, was characterized by violent social upheaval. The country had been led for more than 40 years by the military and was suddenly forced, with the loss of World War I, to accept a civilian government. However, the large numbers of soldiers returning from the war, an unstable idea of how civil government should be constructed as well as a general non-acceptance of this type of government led to chaos within Germany. Several councils were put in place by the soldiers and workers of Germany. These councils led to the abdication of Emperor Wilhelm II, the establishment of a socialist nation and the creation of a parliamentary-led governmental system that acted more like a dictatorship. The general

Analysis of Modern Love by Douglas Dunn Essay Example for Free

Analysis of Modern Love by Douglas Dunn Essay What are the poet’s thoughts and feelings about love? In Modern Love, Dunn presents many ideas about the functioning of modern love, and they ways in which it differs from what he might perceive as traditional, or true love. He possibly discusses how modern love is superficial, and only a facade, as well as how modern love is interrupted by a variety of other commitments, but also how love is possibly the only escape from an otherwise dull and dreary life. Dunn initially talks about the superficiality of modern love by talking about how they are ‘enjoying minutes of rented silence’. The fact that it is a ‘rented silence’ suggests that it is only temporary, showing how modern love is not permanent. Furthermore, it could also suggest that to achieve these ‘minutes’, there has been a cost involved, whether monetary or purely symbolic. In addition, it says there is ‘not much to show for love’, further portray how this love is ineffectual, and that not much has been achieved by this love. The fact that they are ‘in a house that is not theirs’ further shows what length this couple has to go to to put up the facade of modern love. The juxtaposition of the word ‘love’ with ‘alone’ further displays the disconnection in the relationship of ‘modern love’. The powerful use of enjambment could be used to signify the constant progression of time t hroughout this poem, during which no ‘love’ is taking place. Furthermore, Dunn discusses how modern love is often interrupted by other commitments, namely, the family. Dunn writes how the ‘under-tens and invalids’ are finally asleep. The reference to what can be assumed to be the elderly as ‘invalids’ is somewhat derogatory, and this could be used to showcase the resentment shown towards them, as they may be responsible for the failures of modern love. In addition, the fact that they can only procure ‘minutes’ of ‘silence’ from this, shows how much these other commitments intrude into their love, and the fact that they prefer to ‘enjoy’ the ‘silence’ shows how hectic their involvement with their family can be. The reference to the family as ‘the upstairs people’, can possibly be used to suggest how this couple wants to distance themselves from the family, which can possibly suggest that the speaker yearns for a loving relationship, but this is not possib le. However, it can also be said that this love is their only solace from an otherwise dull and dreary lifestyle. The fact that they choose to ‘enjoy silence’ can be used to show that they simply value to spend time together; to get away from their hectic daily lives. The fact that it is said that their ‘lives flap’ is personification used to convey how there is a sense of disorganisedness or desperation in their lives, and Dunn goes on to write how ‘there is no hope of better happiness than this’, which goes to show that although modern love may be ineffectual and dull, it is the highlight of their lives. The fact that the poem is 14 lines long shows that it is written in the style of a sonnet, which could possibly suggest that there is some real love being represented here, and that the whole poem is not necessarily a criticism of modern love. Alternatively, however, this structure could have potentially been used sarcastically. Dunn also writes how ‘all other lives’ are ‘worn down to trees and sunlight’ and how they ‘look forward to a visit from the cat’, and this could be used to highlight how dull and uneventful their lives have become, and how ‘modern love’ is their only escape from this. Overall, although Dunn portrays Modern Love as somewhat of a facade, and superficial, as well as being constantly being interrupted by other commitments, he may also be trying to state how modern love is often the only solace couples have from their increasingly dull and dreary lives.

Camera Angles And Movement

Camera Angles And Movement Films have evolved over time. Whether it is the shift in techniques or the change in directing style, the development is certainly apparent. Casablanca (1942) is written by Julius J. Epstein, Philip G. Epstein, and Howard Koch, directed by Michael Curtiz, and starring Humphrey Bogart and Ingrid Bergman. It is considered one of Hollywoods iconic movies as it creates a great balance between humor, suspense, and romance. Casablanca is a multi-layered film that belongs to the film noir of the 1940s. Curtizs use of camera angles such us close-ups, point of view, panning, Wide shots, dolly and tracking creates wonderful movement within the film. These camera shots help guide the viewers understanding of the storys development and direct their attention to what is happening. This paper will discuss and further explore the various camera angles and movement techniques that were implemented within the film and provide examples on each. At the beginning of the 20th century, according to Borwell D., Thompson K., Staiger J. (1985), Advanced capitalism characterized the economy after World War I. This characterization is applicable to film industry. (p. 320). Studio owners that owned sets also bought theaters, thereby monopolizing the business. Having their actors under several-year extended contracts enabled them to produce a large number of movies yearly. That was known as factory-oriented style of production of film. This movie was set in the Moroccan city of Casablanca but was actually filmed in the Warner Bros Studios. The controllable set allowed Curtiz to manipulate the environment for his own advantage, or in other words, to convey the environment he wanted. His use of a variety of camera angles and framing allowed the viewer to be part of the story. Camera angles and shots in the movie helped the viewer foreshadow which path the story is going to take and establish a connection between the characters and the plot. They also act as a catalyst that motivates a positive response from the viewer while noticing the development in the story. One of the initial camera techniques implemented in the movie was the close up shot. It occurred at the beginning of the movie, as the police rounded suspects while a man with a mess of papers attempted to flee the scene. The police ended up shooting him to death. Then we see a police officer going down next to the body and pulling out papers from his pocket. It turns out to be a free France flier which is propaganda for the freedom of France, which establishes the context of the movie. The close-up shot mentioned was used to emphasize the use of a specific vantage point, which in this case, is from the point of view of the audience and not the officer. A second and very different close-up shot was used at the opening scene of Ricks cafà ©, where groups of people were gambling and making shady deals. Afterwards, a waiter brings a check to an individual (at that point, unknown by the audience) who signs the check with the phrase ok rick, revealing the identity of this individual without the use of any dialogue or narration. A repetitive pattern arises in terms of the close up technique; the close ups are designed for the audience rather than merely focusing on the characters. Michael Curtiz made sure that the audience was part of the story. Another important camera technique used was the point of view technique, to allow the viewer to both observe the characters and be part of the scene. The placement of the camera plays a huge role in determining what the viewer is looking at. Here, the positioning of the camera at the exact height of the character allows the viewers to be implanted within the scene, making the scene more effective and personalized. Curtiz uses this technique in the movie when Rick and Louis are having a conversation about Lazlo coming to Casablanca and his rumored arrival. The placement of the camera here, above of Louis left shoulder, is crucial; we get to witness Ricks reaction to the news as well as Louis counter reaction to Ricks reply. The interesting variation Curtiz made on the point of view technique was used as a method of motivation to instigate a reaction from the audience. A panning shot, also one of the major techniques used in shooting the film, is a continuous shot that allows the audience to view the entire environment from one point to another. As Gianetti (2011) mentions that pan shots tend to unify the space and the connectedness of people and objects within that space. However, Curtiz added his own variation to a panning shot. In one scene, Strasser enters Ricks cafà © as a regular customer. However, to foreshadow an arising conflict between Rick and Strasser, Curtiz allows the camera to pan from Strasser but it stops at Rick. This tension filled shot does not pan around the cafà ©, as to highlight the existence of a conflict between both characters. Michael Curtiz utilizes an establishing wide shot when Rick first meets Lazlo. This type of shot focuses on all individuals sitting at a table. In that scene, when Rick begins speaking to Ilsa, the angle of the shot changes to more of a tighter wide angle shot, indicating that everyone else seated at the table is insignificant in that scene. As soon as the conversation began between Rick and Ilsa, the camera shifts into a close up tight shot on their faces. Here, a close-up shot is used to reinforce the existence of an emotional relationship between the characters. The viewers attention is directed to Rick and Ilsa as the ones driving the action. They seem to be at the center of most events As for the final scene of the movie, the camerawork used there is an example of great camera movement; the same action is shown from different angles before and after the plane takes off. There is a slower tracking (dolly) shot as the plane starts to move preparing to fly. Finally, there is dolly movement as the plane flies above Rick and Louis and we see it in the air. The last scene with the tracking and dolly shots of the plane emphasize its stature, as its the only way to escape as its taking Ilsa and Lazlo to freedom. The closing scene as Rick and Louis walkaway, as Kolker (2011) mentioned the closing scene as the camera dollys out and smoke appears behind the characters; that is one of the most memorable endings in movie history. Camera angles were not only used to reveal different relationships between people or to direct the viewers attention. They were also used to convey the importance of certain symbols and objects of a significant presence in the movie. When Lazlo met at the bar with a man who was trying to sell him a ring, a close-up on the ring showed a double cross symbol on it which stood for Joan of Arc, a symbol for France. On another note, an important object in the movie was Sams piano. In addition to the placement of the piano at the center of the cafà ©, guests seemed to always want to be near it. It created a fun mood that took away their worries. It is also a symbol for Ricks love for Ilsa. The piano seems to always be present in the frame when a wide shot was taken of Ricks cafà © or when Rick are having flashbacks of him and Ilsa in Paris. A wide shot of the spotlight reinforces its symbolism as people are being watched all the time. According to Keaney (2003), Casablanca is a genuine American masterpiece of romance, mystery, and intrigue, with Boghart and Bergman at its center as the star crossed lovers and Henried as the unselfish patriot (p. 77), Casablanca is a melodrama during World War II where everything in the world is changing, including technique and style. The film takes place before the US chose a side in the war and prior to Pearl Harbor. In fact, the studio did not expect the film to be a huge success. However, on the contrary, Casablanca is one of the most iconic films in American history. The wide range of camera angles and shooting techniques Curtiz used only added to its success, involving the viewers in the movie and constantly attracting their attention. He created context using close ups, in addition to taking into consideration the audiences vantage point as a key element. He used the point-of view technique that allows the audience to be part of the scene as well as observe the reactions of the characters involved in the scene. He used a panning shot in order to indicate a change in action. An establishing wide shot used in the movie was then changed it into a tighter frame to emphasize the idea that Ilsa and Rick are always at the center of events. The final scene of the film using the dolly movement to emphasize the stature of the plane and what it stands for. Focusing on the camera angles and shots creates a variety of movements as the story develops.

The Battle of the Sexes Continue in The Revolt Of Mother Essay

The Battle of the Sexes Continue in The Revolt Of Mother   Ã‚  Ã‚   "Unsolicited opportunities are the guide-posts of the Lord to the new roads of life." This quote from Mary E. Wilkins Freeman's "The Revolt Of 'Mother"' exemplifies the independent and rebellious spirit of the main character, Sarah Penn. Because Sarah Penn's behavior is unorthodox for a woman of the nineteenth century, the author constantly compared her to similar historical figures.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   When Mrs. Penn is baking her husband's favorite mince pies, we become aware of the first historical relationship. The author described her face as "full of meek vigor which might have characterized one of the New Testament saints." The author continues to express that "however deep a resentment she might be forced to hold against her husband, she would never fail in sedulous attention to his wants." These statements show that Sarah is as loyal, passive, and loving as a pious saint. The comparison also points out her forgiving nature which allows her to be loving and cooperative with her husband despite any differences they may have.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The second reference to a historical figure comes when Sarah calls to Adoniram, her husband, to stop his work and speak with her. When he repeatedly refuses to talk with her, she exclaims, "Father, you come here," in a voice which booms with authority. Even her stance is as regal as her inflections, for she stands in the doorway holding her head as if she were wearing a crown. Despite her original intentions, this dignified behavior doesn't last long. As she is expressing her feelings about her husband's new barn, her stance turns to that of a humble woman from Scripture. This sudden change in behavior represents her volatil... ...the man's world, she continues to do her feminine, domestic chores and tries her best to make Adoniram happy. This proves that she has fought the battle and was now ready to make peace. However, the peace making has to be on Adoniram's part. After Adoniram finds out about his wife's defiance, he goes out into the twilight and looks out over the fields. By observing nature, Adoniram is acknowledging the power and beauty of women, which enables him to decide to put up the partitions to make a more suitable house for Sarah. By respecting the feelings and opinions of his wife, he unites the woman's home and man's technology, and in a sense makes peace between man and woman in the battle of the sexes.    Work Cited Freeman, Mary E. Wilkins. "The Revolt of 'Mother.'" Responding to Literature. Ed. Judith A. Stanford. Mountain View: Mayfield, 1996. 555-567.   

The Easter Vigil Mass Essay -- Process Descriptive Religion Essays

The Easter Vigil Mass   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The Easter Vigil is celebrated on the eve of the resurrection of our savior, Jesus Christ. Easter is the holiest and most important event in the Christian religion. The Easter Vigil Mass is celebrated in a deep, spiritual, solemn way. Although different Churches and Christian orders may have minute differences in some of the rituals during the mass, but the overall feeling in the Easter Vigil liturgy is of solemnity and holiness. The ceremony begins in almost complete darkness and is slowly lighted by the flames of the congregation's candles paralleling Jesus symbolically lighting the world we live in. Also all Easter Vigil liturgies include four parts, the Service of Lights, the Liturgy of the Word, Celebration of the Rites of Initiation, and Liturgy of the Eucharist. The Service of Light is composed of three parts. The Service of Light opens the Mass. The first part of this ceremony is the lighting of the Paschal Candle. The minister sprinkles the candle with holy water and blesses the fire. The minister carves the letter for the Greek word "Alpha" on the top of the cross, and the Greek letter for the word "Omega" below the cross. These letters symbolize the beginning and the end of the life of Christ. The Paschal Candle is then lit and brought to the front of the Church as the Catholics cry out in harmony, "The Light of Christ!" The harmony of the Christian community's hymns and songs illustrate the events we are celebrating...

Getting Enough Sleep Essay -- Research Sleeping Health Essays

Getting Enough Sleep Did you know that sleep is one of the most vital necessities of life? Laboratory animals die when they are deprived of sleep, and likewise, humans would too (Johnson 5). Many people don’t realize how important sleep is. The man who attempts to do 15 hours of work, in only 7 hours is only hurting himself. This man who stays up late trying to finish his work, believes that he is working hard, and therefore will be able to sleep hard for a little while. This is definitely not the case as he will feel less and less refreshed each morning and will feel more and more tired each day. What the public needs, is to be informed about good sleeping habits and sleeping disorders that go unnoticed. We should wake up to the importance of sleep and how the amount sleep not only affects themselves, but also society. In 1959, The American Cancer society surveyed more than 1 million Americans about their sleeping habits. Conclusions drawn from the study showed that people who got less than 7-8 hours of sleep on average per night, had a higher mortality rate. A six year follow-up was done to the people surveyed. The results showed that men 30 years old or older that got 4 hours of sleep a night had more than double the risk of dying than men who averaged 7-8 hours. The risk was only about 1.5 times higher for women. Similar results were found in a different study of 4,713 people. Those getting 6 hours of sleep or less had a 30% higher death rate (Pressman 29). Although we can see what happens when people don’t get enough sleep, scientists are still unable to explain the function of sleep. The amount of sleep not only affects your mortality but also your personality. Some people are by nature long sleepers, and some a... ...nts with insomnia can benefit from restructuring their bedtime habits and sleep-wake cycles. With 7-8 hours of sleep per night, there will be many less problems with sleep disorders, accidents in cars and planes, and other health concerns. Shakespeare once commented on sleep as, "the great restorer." We need to understand the function and importance of sleep and relate this to improving our health and our bodies. In order for our country to continue to be a world leader, the people of the United States should not have to deal with fatigue and should have an optimal level of alertness and performance. Works Cited Johnson, Laverne, and Paul Naitoh. The Operational Consequences of Sleep Deprivation and Sleep Deficit. San Diego: AGARD, 1974. Pressman, Mark R., and William C. Orr. Understanding Sleep. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, 1997.

Living on Another Planet Essay

For my professional organization I chose NASA because they are the U. S. government agency that is spearheading the Kepler Project that actually found the planet Kepler 22b that so closely resembles Earth. NASA was founded in 1958 and their headquarters are located in Washington D.C. NASA’s mission statement is â€Å"To reach for new heights and reveal the unknown so that what we do and learn will benefit all humankind.† (Wilson, 2011) The services provided by NASA are scientific research, flight research and development and missions, space research and development and missions, satellite deployment, monitoring, repair, and data analysis, and various other services for the defense of the United States. There are no actual membership costs as this is a U. S. government agency, so you could not â€Å"join† this organization. You have to be employed by the government directly, or by one of the many sub-contractors that NASA does  contract. Being an employee of one of these sub-contractors though does not make you a NASA and/or government employee per se. NASA not only accomplished great things in flight and space exploration, but also made many scientific discoveries and developed many technologies that we use today. One such technology would be formed from the research and findings of Dr. Dennis Morrison on nanomaterial (Jones, 2011). The information learned from his research helped Farouk Systems, Inc. develop the special coating on their ceramic plates of their hairstyling tools (Jones, 2011). One of the most popular of which is the CHI hairstyling iron. The planet I chose to live on is Kepler 22b. The purpose for living on this planet is to see if it is a viable solution to living on earth in the eventuality that earth becomes uninhabitable.   Kepler 22b is located in the Kepler 22 star system 600 light years away (Culler, 2011). It is located in the â€Å"habitable zone† in said star system. Kepler 22b is 2.4 times the radius of earth (Culler, 2011). Its host star (like our sun) is a G-type except smaller and cooler (Kepler 22b The New Frontier, 2011). The orbit of the planet to its star is similar to earths at 290 days (Culler, 2011). Not much is known yet of the composition of Kepler 22b, but it is theorized that it is made of rock and can support surface water. The climate on Kepler 22b is a very comfortable average temperature of 72 degrees Fahrenheit. This cooler temperature is because the sun type G star is cooler and smaller than earth’s sun.   The population size on planet Kepler 22b is 0 at the moment as no life forms have as yet been discovered on said planet. For my colonization, I would suggest a community of at least 10,000 people so as to support all facets of the operations and stabilization of the community. The impact on the social structure of the community would be a positive one. It would be a community where everyone could come together with a single purpose and goal in mind to achieve, regardless of race, sex, or economic status. The economic impact would be positive as well by creating thousands  of jobs in all sectors of society from the start to finish of the project. Kepler 22b is in the Kepler star system 600 light years away (Culler, 2011). Its distance from its sun is not known yet, but it is safe to assume that it is in a comparable distance from its sun as earth is from its sun. The length of the days/nights is not known at this time, but it is safe to assume that they are also comparable to earths. Kepler 22b is assumed to be very like earth, so we must also assume that there are large water masses and large land masses (Kepler 22b The New Frontier, 2011). This community will be built near the equator of Kepler 22b. I have chosen this location due to the average temperature on this planet is 72 degrees Fahrenheit (Culler, 2011), so this location will be the most temperate and tropical location to settle in and plant crops. A tropical location will allow us the best chances to take advantage of rainfall and sunshine for crop growth, water, soil fertility, our livestock we use for food, and the general comfort of our community. The population size of the community will be 10,000 people. The reason for this number of people is to ensure enough man power to build the community and keep it operationally sound once it is finished. The economic structure of this community will be communal as this is an experimental colony to see if life on another planet is feasible. No one pays for anything as everything will be provided by our earth government and rationed out equally per person until everything is up and running properly. Everyone will have a job to do that they are solely responsible for and each job depends on the next person and what job they are responsible for and so forth. What will be needed for survival: * 10,000 female dairy cattle * 20,000 beef cattle * 20,000 pigs * 40,000 chicken * Fishing supplies * DNA of all livestock brought with us for cloning of food supply * Enough grains for 2 years * Freeze dried fruits and vegetables * DNA of all grains, fruits, and vegetables for cloning * Seeds to plant all grains, fruits, and vegetables * Feed for all of the livestock for at least 1 year * Building tools * Building supplies (concrete, doors, steel girters, nails, cables and wiring, etc.) * Building machinery and equipment * Solar panels * Windmills * Water purification supplies and technology * Drilling equipment * Batteries * Clothing * Cooking utensils such as pots and skillets (enough for every person to have 3 sets each) * Personal hygiene items such as deodorant, shampoo, toothbrush, toothpaste (enough for a 2 year supply for each person) * One set each per household- couch, chair, coffee table, dining room table and chairs, bed for each person, dresser for each person, mirror * Supply of fresh water for 6 months The reason Kepler 22b was chosen was due to its close resemblance of earth by way of composition of its atmosphere, land masses, and bodies of water, as well as its approximation to its own sun (Kepler 22b The New Frontier, 2011). The specific location on this planet’s equator was chosen because it offers the most temperate location for the people to live as well as it being tropical so that we may take full advantage of the rainfall and/ or sunshine for our crops, livestock, and personal water supplies. Some supplies will be naturally available on Kepler 22b, such as water, air, natural gases, rock, sand, trees, and edible aquatic life. There will be a considerable amount of supplies that will be brought from earth so as to get us started, but we will have to cultivate our own for future use, such as crops, food, drill for water and natural gases. Since this is a temperate climate of 72 degrees (Culler, 2011), there will be little impact on energy use for air conditioning. At night there will most likely be a larger impact on the use of energy for heating and lights. The political structure will be set up and in place on earth before we ever leave so that it will be in place when we arrive on the new planet. The people chosen to be in a position of power over the others will not have absolute power and that will not be their only job. The people in power will also have a regular job in the building of the community. Everything in this community will be decided by a majority rules vote. The laws will be set and in place before they ever leave earth. They will be the same as on earth with one exception. If you break a law in this community, no matter how small, you will be exiled back to earth. You will never again be allowed back into this community and someone else will be sent from earth to replace you. The layout of our community can be rationalized in the following ways: * It is very basic for optimal functionality * To make as little impact on the host planet as possible * To make life seem as close to life on earth as possible for the mental stability of the inhabitants * To see if life on another planet is possible * To see if we can work cooperatively as a whole instead of individuals The transportation systems that will be used will be walking and/or teleportation. This decision was made to keep emissions from any type of vehicle polluting the atmosphere (also because carrying cars to a new planet seems impractical and antiquated). For our life support systems, they are designed to be very similar to earths in layout and functionality. The water system will consist of a water pumping/treatment plant and a pipework infrastructure to pump clean fresh water into buildings, businesses, and homes. The sewage system will consist of a separate laying of pipework infrastructure going to a sewage treatment plant that will also recycle the water, treat it, and send reclaimed water out to water the crops. We will set up farms of crops and livestock brought  from earth. But, we will also be able to fish for native aquatic wildlife as a food source. The pros of this plan are that since this planet is so similar to earth, we already know what to do and how to do it. Also that these systems have been tested on earth and proven to function properly already. The cons of this plan are that not a lot is known about this planet yet; so many assumptions have been made so this may not be a very feasible plan. We will also be altering the history and natural evolution of this planet and there is no way of telling what kind of impact we may have. Introducing non indigenous life to anywhere is usually never a good idea, so we also have no way of forecasting what that impact will be on this planet either.

Should Sociology Be Scientific?

In sociology there are two main contrasting views to how the subject of sociology should be approached and studied, as a science or not. In this essay I will be explaining the arguments of each side of the discussion fully, and aim to show the positive and negative points of either approach to studying sociology. The first argument I will analyse is Positivism. Positivists support the view that sociology should be studied as a science, arguing that society and the activities of the individuals in society as a whole hold main similarities and attributes to the physical or natural world. Positivists believe that social factors are largely involved in determining human behaviour, an example being that positivists think that people wish to seek partners in order to allow them to marry and produce children, letting them fulfil societies expectations of them. Positivists use scientific methodology, which means that their procedures resemble methods of collecting data that are usually seen in practice in natural sciences. Examples of some of these methods are questionnaires, structured interviews or statistics. Using scientific procedures in the Positivists view means that more accurate results will be collected, they hold the view that it is possible to see society in an objective way. An example of this is Durkheim, who believed the social facts of society could be considered in the same way as objects and events of the natural world. He thought that social facts did not only consist of things that could be observed objectively or in a direct manner, but also belief systems which exist in the consciousness of individuals. To look at these belief systems in a scientific manner Durkheim thought that they couldn't be changed at will, but were controlled by society making them available to scientific approaches. Correlation is another part of scientific methodology, where by looking at different social facts correlations are found between them, where there is evidence of a relationship between two or more different factors. Durkheim found that in his study of suicide there was a relationship between suicide and religions, (e. g. Protestantism and a high suicide rate). After correlations are found between social facts the researcher may believe that one social fact causes another to make a hypothesis, such as crime causes a person to become working class, or being working class causes a person to commit crime. One problem with this part of the positivist scientific methodology is that some correlations found by researchers may just be by chance or indirect. This can happen where two social facts are found together but in actual fact don't have any direct connections to each other. It can happen that a third social fact has a relationship with both the other social facts, which can cause them to be linked. An example of this is gender being the cause of both level of criminality and location in the class hierarchy, which illustrates that class and crime aren't actually linked, but are both related to gender. In positivists research they also believe that if findings are verified and found in many different contexts such as in different societies around the world and during different time periods the research can be see as being a law of human behaviour, which is the main aim of the positivist perspective. This is where a statement is found to be true in all circumstances, a comparison being scientific laws such as gravity being established, positivists hold the view that these laws can be found in human behaviour. Durkheim thought he had found a law of human behaviour when his research into suicide had the conclusion that suicide rates always increased when in society there was a drastic change in the economy. Using scientific methodology such as questionnaires does have the positive of being reliable, as the data could be collected repeatedly and it is likely to achieve the same conclusions over and over again, but also has the weakness that people can lie and be biased in the questionnaires towards themselves. Another problem is that questionnaires restrict the answers of the individual being asked the questions, which also can happen in structured interviews where the individual cant put across what they want to say because of the structured questions and style of the interview. Also questionnaires and scientific methodology doesn't take into account the individual differences that could be involved in the issue that is being researched. An example of this is suicide. Research into the matter of suicide has been criticised when it has been done using scientific matters as Douglas made the criticism of Durkheim's research that not all suicides can be treated as the same type of act as they could have different or contrasting meanings behind them, e. g. lderly Eskimo's will kill themselves for the sake of their society, where as a someone in a western society may kill themselves because they are depressed. Also, in Durkheim's research into suicide, J. D Douglas criticized him saying that the statistics used weren't valid, as the decision to if the sudden death was a suicide is made by the coroner, who in turn is influenced by the family and friends of the victim. This creates the possibility of there being systematic bias in the decision, having the consequence of not very reliable statistics to base his conclusions on. Another weakness of scientific methodology is it can result in generalisations in the conclusions, where the researcher will split the data collected into different categories, as Durkheim carried out in his study into suicide, which can be too reductionist, missing out important factors in the issue being researched such as the background of the suicides etc. Another method used in sociological research is observation, which positivists believe that the social world can be objectively observed and classified. Observation is not only used by positivists, but is also used by many anti-positivist sociologists who have observed situations in connection with subjects like education and suicide, where Atkinson observed the processes involved in the decisions made by coroners in the coroners courts. One problem with using observation is that it is restrictive in the type of situations it can be used in, such as in the study of the subject of politics, sociologists are prohibited from observing the British Cabinet. Also because the results are based on how the situation was observed through the researcher, it is possible for there to be interference from the researcher in the data collected. Another group that support the idea of sociology being a science is realists, who see much of sociology being scientific. An example of this is the realist's sociologist Keat, who saw Marxist sociology as scientific as the models developed by Marx was evaluating processes and institutions in society based on empirical data. Realists suggest that both natural and sociological sciences have the same aim in the research carried out which is to develop theories and create perspectives to explain the world based on collected evidence. Auguste Comte was a founder of sociology, and through founding the subject attempted to show it as a science using a scientific manner in his research, studying social phenomena. He talked about discovering the laws social phenomena being the main aim behind the subject of sociology, and scientific methods being the best way of accomplishing this. He also thought that society as a whole was greater than the individuals within it, which in other words meant that society was more complex than the number of people in it, that it involved many other variables. One procedure that Comte supported was the HD procedure, which was where you started with a theory, created a hypothesis based on that theory, slected a research method that could be verified and analysise the data collected through this method to see if the hypothesis was correct. One problem with this procedure is that although it does have reliable data that is collected, and a straight forward procedure involved, a negative aspect of creating a hypothesis to work with before carrying out the research is that it brings in the possibility that the researcher will pick a research method which will be biased to the hypothesis by be the method most likely to prove it. An example of where this happened was the research into aids attempting to prove it as a ‘gay plague'. Another example of a positivist theory was made by Karl Popper, who created the theory of falsification. Popper believed that the best way to see if a theory or conclusion was true was to let it stand the test of time. In this he meant that the longer a theory was supported and unreputed by other sociologists, the more true it was. Popper was critical towards Marx, saying that he was unscientific because he didn't use empirical data and that Marx's theory couldn't be proved wrong or right as Marx left his theory open to when the revolution would actually happen, meaning that if a revolution didn't happen in that time period, Marx would still be able to argue that it was going to happen ‘some day in the future'. The other side of the argument of should sociology be scientific is held by anti positivists, such as Max Weber. Weber claims that to come to true conclusions the motives of a situation or a persons actions must first be understood. An example of this is if a person is fishing, are they doing it because its their hobby, or maybe because they are hungry. One process supported by Weber was verstehen, which is where the sociologist imagines himself or herself as the person or in the position of the person whose being studied. Weber thought that the motives behind an action are just as important as the actions themselves for coming to the truth behind a subject. There third perspective involved in the debate is Post Modernism, which believe in the grand narrative, or that there is no such thing as just having one dominant theory. Post Modernists believe the best results and theories are academic pick and mix's, where conclusions are drawn from many different perspectives and theories to get an all round finding that includes all the different points of view involved. Post Modernists also think that there is no such thing as one objective truth, and that no one method or way of looking at sociology can arrive at true conclusions as in reality, society is always changing as is the norms and values within society. One post modernist who believes that there is no one technique that can find the truth (a belief held by epistemology) is Lyotard, who sees all epistemology as being based on more the researchers opinions instead of being based on objective knowledge. This is known as being a metanarrative.

Week Six

Use the Internet to research and evaluate two (2) commercial HR database systems for your organization. Evaluate the advantages and disadvantages of each system and, based on your knowledge of human resources and database systems, propose one (1) package that would fit the needs of your organization. Suggest three (3) specific reasons why you would recommend that system over the other. Capterra is a HR database provider that can provide the needs an organization to help with their HR needs. Their fully integrated, web-based suite automates and simplifies performance appraisals, 360 degree feedback, learning management, succession planning, compensation management, job descriptions and recruiting. Halogen's products make HR best-practices accessible to companies of all sizes. They also offer specific suites to meet the unique needs of a variety of industries. † (capterra. com) â€Å"Waypoint open source and other web-based software applications outlined on this website have bee n developed by HR-Fundamentals limited.Since 2002 HR-Fundamentals ltd has been providing online tools to help employers manage their staff and their business more effectively. Our friendly and approachable attitude enables us to work with different types of organizations, in many industries, across many continents, to deliver visible results to their business. HR-Fundamentals ltd offer a wide range of bespoke and personal services to employers, directors, line managers and employees. Our services include web based software applications and online employment related documentation available for immediate download. † (waypointhr. om) One of the advantages that Capterra has to offers program that can track holiday and sick time, along providing software to process payroll. It handles HR needs such as pre-employment testing and background checks. Capterra assist with all onboarding needs such as applicant tracking. Capterra can assist with all of a company’s recruitment need s. The disadvantage that Capterra has is there are a lot of options to choose from, and the website doesn’t seem to be easy to follow. The customer can easily be lost and maybe confused on what type of service they may need to choose from.With Waypoint I feel it can provide more support what a company is looking for and the website is easier to understand. Customer will get the feeling this company understand their needs and is willing to give them the service they are looking for. Waypoint specializes in HR Software and Web Development. They have modules that assist with Exit Interviews, HR Intranets, Online Appraisals, and Online Recruitment. The disadvantage that Waypoint may have is that their website is vague and it may give a potential customer the impression that it doesn’t have the areas of expertise a company is looking for.I would propose the absence management online program â€Å"Absence levels can be reduced through monitoring and management, sending empl oyees a clear message that you take sickness absence seriously. Our web-based Online Absence Management software is easy-to-use and accessible from any PC via a web browser and includes many features to help you and your line managers monitor, manage and handle sickness, injury and medical related absences. †(WaypointHR. com) I would recommend Waypoint because the services are on point with a customer needs. They can provide services such as online absences, and Exit Interview, and Online Intranet.These are basic services that most companies would like and want to promote. I would use Waypoint because it has the recognizes what companies needs are what they needs to make HRIS more efficient within the company. Waypoint specialty is Web Development and that is a must for HRIS to be utilized to its full capacity. To reduce using a lot of paper, Waypoint has an option that will allow important forms to be downloaded instead of always printing forms out. Suggest three (3) efficien cies that an organization would gain from using a SAAS for its HRIS needs and three (3) inefficiencies from maintaining an MS Access-based database application. The efficiency of HRIS, the systems are able to produce more effective and faster outcomes than can be done on paper. Some of the many applications of HRIS are: Clerical applications, applicant search expenditures, risk management, training management, training experiences, financial planning, turnover analysis, succession planning, flexible-benefits administration, compliance with government regulations, attendance reporting and analysis, human resource planning, accident reporting and prevention and strategic planning.With the many different applications of HRIS, it is difficult to understand how the programs benefit companies without looking at companies that have already benefited from such programs. † (ezinearticles. com) â€Å"One such company is IBM. IBM has a paperless online enrollment plan for all of its emp loyees. Not only has the online enrollment saved the company 1. 2 million per year on printing and mailing costs, the employees enjoy working with the online plan. Since we began offering online enrollment, we've learned that employees want web access,† Donnelly [Senior Communications Specialist] says, so they can log on at home rather than through the company intranet. So the company has been working to put in place a web-based enrollment system that employees and retirees can access from anywhere (Huering, 2003). By utilizing the flexible-benefits application HRIS has to offer, IBM was able to cut costs and give employees the freedom to discover their benefits on their own time and pace. † (ezinearticles. om) â€Å"The privacy of employee information has become a major issue in recent years. With identity theft becoming a common problem, employees are becoming more sensitive about who sees their personal information, and the security it is kept in. By making sure empl oyee information that is kept in the HRIS is relevant to the company and making sure there is limited access (password protection) to such information, companies can make its employees more secure with the safety of their information. Whether electronic or paper, employee files deserve to be treated with great care.Establishing security and end-user privileges calls for a balance of incorporating, HR policy, system knowledge and day-to-day operations (O’Connell, 1994). † (ezinearticles. com) â€Å"Illogically or inconsistently stored data can cause a number of problems. In a relational database, a logical and efficient design is just as critical. A poorly designed database may provide erroneous information, may be difficult to use, or may even fail to work properly. Most of these problems are the result of two bad design features called: redundant data and anomalies.Redundant data is unnecessary reoccurring data (repeating groups of data). Anomalies are any occurrence that weakens the integrity of your data due to irregular or inconsistent storage (delete, insert and update irregularity, that generates the inconsistent data). † (www. databasedev. co. uk) Assess the (3) most significant risks associated with combining products from multiple vendors into one (1) HRIS. â€Å"IaaS allows organizations to avoid the large capital expenses associated with infrastructure and data centers.It also has a low barrier to entry and enables automated scaling. One negative aspect of IaaS is that it brings with it new security risks that require different measures. For example, due to stringent information requirements associated with regulations such as the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA), and Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX), enterprises must carefully assess where such information resides and mitigate any privacy risks. In addition, how well IaaS works is vendor dependent. † (cloudcomputing. ys-con. com) The major drawback that mus t be mitigated is the security risk associated with centralization. In addition, since applications are centralized, version control and updates are relatively headache free and deploying software becomes instantaneous. On the other hand, applications that are centralized present enhanced security risks. (cloudcomputing. sys-con. com) Predict three (3) unintended consequences of not managing an HR database properly and how you would circumvent those situations from occurring.What is the impact of a poorly structured performance management process? If individual goals are not aligned with business strategy, then time and resources are wasted. Low employee engagement levels may mean that individuals are not performing at their best. Inconsistent evaluation criteria and rewards can lead to mistrust, lower productivity and higher attrition. If top performers see no differentiation in performance ratings, opportunities and compensation from underperformers, morale can suffer.Lack of docu mentation, visibility, and accountability can negatively affect stakeholders who are demanding more and more transparency. If accurate performance information is unavailable or difficult to access, training and development decisions along with project assignment decisions may not be made in the company's or the individual's best interests. An annual process will not adequately alert managers to problems in a timely manner. Last, but not least, a lack of proper documentation related to performance may result in legal issues. (www. successfactors. com)

Position Paper: Hunger

October 5, 2012/Position Paper English 10 Thesis Statement: The government should make the education more accessible to alleviate hunger. Outline: I. Hunger in the Philippines II. Cause of Hunger A. Poverty in the country B. Unemployment in the country C. Incapability in acquiring quality education III. Accessible education for all people as solution in alleviating hunger Menu for the Day: Education for All People One major problem in our world today is hunger. Let us use Philippines as an example. In the latest survey of Social Weather Stations (SWS), 23. 8 % of Filipinos or estimated as 4. million Filipinos experience hunger at least once in past three months. This latest hunger rate surpassed the highest record of 23. 7 % in December 2008. (Flores, pars. 1-3) This only shows that a lot of people experiences hunger in our country right now. What could be the probable causes of this? Let us discuss each probable cause one by one using statistics. One evident cause I see for this is poverty. In another survey conducted by SWS, 51 % or estimated 10. 3 million Filipino households considered themselves poor, lower by 4 points from 55 % or 11. 1 million families in March.Also stated in the survey, about 39 % or about 7. 9 million Filipino families rated themselves â€Å"food-poor†, lower by six points from 45% or 9. 1 million previously. (Flores, pars. 1-3) Even though we can see improvements in the rates, it is still not enough to say that we are alleviating it. Another cause I see is unemployment. In a survey by National Statistics Office (NSO), the unemployment rate dropped to 6. 9 % compared to last year’s 7. 1 %. The poll showed that Metro Manila registered the highest unemployment rate at 10. 4 percent. Among the jobless, 62. 3 percent are male and 37. are female. More than half—51. 7 percent—are between 15 to 27 years old. Among educational groups, 32. 8 percent—or almost a third—of the unemployed are high school gra duates, 13. 8 are college undergraduates and 21 percent are college graduates. (Caraballo, pars. 1-4) Another cause I see is number of people who can’t acquire quality education. The Filipinos start off with 80% of them going to the elementary schools. However, the percentage decreases directly to only 48% of them going to the high schools. It even decreases down to 20% of the Filipinos, who go to the colleges and the universities.Even though students go to the schools to study, the books they use have several errors with unreliable information, grammatical and spelling errors. (Kim and Reyes, pars. 2) These three causes are inter-connected to each other, meaning one causes the other. The incapability of most people to acquire quality education results to unemployment since these people doesn’t have enough skills to get their desired job. Also, good job opportunities have large demands that those who didn’t acquire quality education are the least opportunity in the employment.Because of people don’t have jobs, this make them incapable in producing enough income to support their families, which is poverty. Poverty then leads to hunger for they don’t have enough money to satisfy their need for food. If the causes of hunger are inter-connected with each other, then same are the solutions. The government should first make the education here in the Philippines more accessible. If every member of the society has enough skill to get their desired job, there will be less people who are unemployed.If every individual in the working force have jobs, they will be capable in providing the necessities of their families including food. Thus, alleviating the hunger in our country even in the world. Works Cited: Caraballo, Flores, Helen. â€Å"Self-rated Poverty Down – SWS. † The Philippine Star. The Philippine Star,2012. Web. 29 June 2012 Flores, Helen. â€Å"SWS: 4. 8 M Families Experience Hunger. † The Philippine Sta r. The PhilippineStar, 2012. Web. 9 May 2012

Molecular Biology Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Molecular Biology - Lab Report Example Dpn I and Fse I together: fragments of 0.5 kb, 1.1 kb, 1.6 kb and 2.3 kb Dpn I, Eag I and Fse I together: fragments of 0.3 kb, 0.5 kb, 0.6 kb, 1.0 kb, 1.1 kb and 2.0 kb a) How many restriction sites are there for each enzyme What, if any, are the unique restriction sites on this plasmid Ans. Dpn I = 3, Eag I = 2, Fse I = No RS. There are unique restriction sites for Fse I, this restriction enzyme works in conjunction with the Dpn I and Eag I. b) Construct a restriction map of the plasmid and draw it below. Cloning Strategies Question 4 (28%) Describe outline cloning strategies, including vector types (individual vectors need not be specified) and methods used at each stage, for the following scenarios: Worked example You wish to isolate the coding sequence of a human liver enzyme. You have purified the corresponding bovine enzyme and have raised a polyclonal antibody against it. - Make a cDNA library from human liver tissue - this will be enriched for the genes for liver enzymes. - Create the library in an expression vector with a strong promoter so the genes are expressed in the host. - Screen the induced expression library for the presence of the desired liver enzyme using the bovine polyclonal antibody. The antibody will bind to the colonies which produce the protein they recognise. Although the match may not be exact there should be enough conserved homology to ensure recognition. - Positive colonies will be identified by visualising the label on the bound antibody/secondary antibody in the colony hybridisation. a) You have a cDNA clone containing the 900 bp coding sequence of a cell surface protein from pygmy goat monocytes. How can you use this to find the homologous cDNA from the merino sheep b) Having...The results are as follows: step. f1 IG SEQUENCE: to make single stranded DNA for sequencing UNIVERSAL PRIMER SEQUENCE: for primer to anneal to, to initiate sequencing SELECTABLE MARKER (eg lacZ'): to allow selection of clones containing the insert MCS POLYLINKER: insert fragment of DNA here 3.0 kb You must describe the function of the essential features of each plasmid and give some indication of the plasmid size. For expression vectors you must bear in mind the host cells in which the coding sequence will be expressed. a) Nonsense: The nonsense-mediated mRNA decay pathway degrades mRNAs transcribed from genes in which an amino-acid codon has changed to a nonsense codon; this prevents the translation of such mRNAs into truncated, and potentially harmful, proteins. c) Splicing: A stage in the processing of mRNA, occurring only in eukaryotic cells, in which intervening sequences (introns) are removed from the primary RNA transcript (hnRNA) and the codig exons are joined together to form the mature mRNA molecule. url:www.geneontology.org . d) Promoter: A nucleotide sequence of DNA to which RNA polymerase binds and initiates transcription. It usually lies upstream of (5' to) a coding sequence. A promoter sequence aligns the RNA polymerase so that transcription will initiate at a specific site. e) Reading Frame: A series of triple

Animal Make Us More Human Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Animal Make Us More Human - Essay Example Naturally children, when left to their own devices, will take the first step and form activities and other stories in the world which is around them. With children who have passed their toddler age, most imaginative games and plays begin because of parental guidance or supervision. Unstructured free play takes place in many varying environments, but, the outdoors may give more chances for free play because of movable items, such as dirt, sticks, rocks, leaves, which provide them with the opportunity of creation and exploration. Some parents do not find it easy to give unstructured play time for the kids. Giving kids time without continuous supervision and guidance, in particular outside play, is difficult. It feels difficult to find reasonable concern, over-attention and the yearning to get kids familiar with freedom and learned from their own experiences and mistakes. Emotional intelligence and socialization is increased through physical movement and shared interactions. Children also work together to come up with what game they have to play and then agree the rules and how to deal with scenarios that always involve the varying perspectives of all. These works they do together build in the social qualities that everyone want for their kids. Children are building with self-awareness, compassion, empathy, flexibility and self-regulation. This emotional development is endorsed with the physical health as kids playing outside move a lot. In children and adults alike the level of physical activity has been well recognized to reduce the anxiety, stress and despair and to enhance the overall mood. This research is thin in young adults and youngest kids get the most advantage as well. Free play in young children and toddlers most often involves the burst of gross motor activity over a time period with numerous ones over a time period. Most of the children are laughing

Ways To Improve The Impact Of Contraceptives By High School Students Research Paper

Ways To Improve The Impact Of Contraceptives By High School Students - Research Paper Example The research will use secondary data from U.S. Department of Health and Human Services and other medical journals. Analyzing the data collection will use both quantitative and qualitative methods to ensure that the results are correct and reliable. The major challenges of the research are the unwillingness of the students and parents to participate in an interview about sexuality and the best methods to improve the impact of the initiative. The broad topic and the lack of primary data may tamper with the results, but I intend to prove to the readers that there are better ways to implement the initiative to ensure maxi. Many researchers tend to research on adolescence behaviors and the impact of the environment on their growth and development. These researchers are broad and fail to shed light on the sexuality of the teenagers. The rising rate of teenage pregnancies in the USA led to the government approving the use of contraceptives to high school students due to the high rates of te enage pregnancies and STIs infections. The approval to provide contraceptives to these students has decreased the rate of STIs infections, but teenage pregnancy is still on the rise.  The purpose of this research is to identify and discuss ways to improve the impact of contraceptives use by high school students. Since I   believe in the provision of contraceptives to high-school students, I intend to discuss the best strategy to ensure maximum benefits of the initiative.

Pollution & the Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Pollution & the Environment - Essay Example Water may be polluted when pollutants come from point or non-point sources. Non-point sources include those sources that are non-discrete or that do not originate from one discrete source. Non-point pollution arises from the cumulative effect of contaminating agents in little quantities over a large area. When nitrogen compounds found in fertilizers, herbicides, pesticides and other agricultural products leach out, it can easily cause pollution. Sheet flow over land used for agriculture may lead to pollution of water as the nutrients that were present in soil runoff in storm water. Point sources of pollution are those sources that come from discrete sources. For example, when a manufacturing company discharges hot water from its cooling system into a river, lake or other water body making the water body to become warm, pollution occurs from a point source. There are a wide range of agents that may cause water pollution. Some of these pollutants include pathogens, chemicals, and physical changes to the natural characteristics of water. While some minerals naturally occur in water, when their concentration in the water goes beyond the natural limit, the water is considered to be contaminated. Also, when substances that cause oxygen to be depleted in water such as man-made chemicals, grass and leaves, water pollution occurs. Pathogens or disease causing organisms such as Salmonella, Giardia lamblia, Burkholderia pseudomallei, and Cryptosporidium parvum may get into the water when waster water or sewage is not adequately treated (Tennessee Department of Environment and Conservatio, 2002). Chemical contaminants of water may include detergents, petroleum hydrocarbons, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), products used for disinfection and waste from tree logging operations. Inorganic water pollutants include sulphur dioxide that is

Doing business in Europe (German) 2 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Doing business in Europe (German) 2 - Essay Example logical changes, and even environmental changes generate ever new problems and challenges which companies must face in order to continue to operate successfully. For instance, changes in the enforcement and interpretation of tax laws in Europe have had an impact on the operations and viability of such companies in the European continent. The problems are tied to the way Europe for instance is pushing for higher tax collections from HP and other American firms, and that these problems in turn affect the profitability and the viability of companies such as HP (Duncan, 2012). Does HP enter at all, and what kind of entry strategy makes sense in light of this problem? When it has entered, does it pull out and miss out on the large and lucrative European market for computing products and services, or does it adapt and shift strategies in order to properly deal with the problem of more persistent and higher tax collection efforts on the part of the European governments? This is one case amo ng many others that this paper discusses, presenting the problems faced by companies such as Siemens, BMW, Airbus, and Mercedes Benz, and also presenting the ways in which these companies solved these problems, using a variety of approaches specific to their circumstances and the problems that they faced, with a focus on the German market (The Economist Newspaper Limited, 2013). In the case of HP and other American companies operating in Europe, the problem has to do with the way European governments have been pushing to collect more taxes from those companies, who in turn have been trying to move the other way via a global practice that sees those firms trying to avoid paying taxes by financial accounting maneuvering so that profits are reported in so-called tax haven territories. This is tied to the problem of HP being able to enter and operate successfully in the continent, and in what manner. In the end the solution seems to be to financially retain the identity of HP as an entity

The Imminet global crisis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

The Imminet global crisis - Essay Example The world now is on the verge of unprecedented fresh water crisis. This global issue is very alarming, because it affects every single aspect of our lives on Earth. The prime cases of the water crisis are the climate change, population growth and human waste. Climate change and in particular the global warming is the primary force triggering the water crisis. In his article Madrigal (2008) says that 60% of the changes in the West's water cycle are linked to the atmospheric greenhouse gases. He describes a research conducted which found that the increases in winter air temperature reduce the amount of snow which falls in the mountains. In return, the snow packs that acted as water storage provide less water as they melt in the spring. Furthermore, human activity can lead to the global warming too. Burning of fossil fuels are blamed for the melting of glaciers and leaving less drinkable water and less water for crop irrigation. Population growth requires more fresh water for the basic needs of food production. According to the Population Reports (1998) the increase in population "alone will push an estimated 17 more countries, with a projected population of 2.1 billion, into these water-short categories within the next 30 years (69)." By the year 2025, 35% of the projected global population which will account to 2.8 billion people will be affected by the water scarcity (1998 135).

Emotions and Posture Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Emotions and Posture - Essay Example However, one clearly recognizable difference to my posture from these other activities existed when I worked on a computer in a seated position. Because my eyesight is declining, it is increasingly difficult to work with a distance away from the computer screen, which caused a slight slouch in my posture while completing computer tasks. However, I experienced no slouching posture during the process of reading books or finishing other near-sighted tasks. After completing these initial observations over the course of three days, I manipulated the posture variable for the next three days. Part of this manipulation was a slightly slouched stance by approximately 15 degrees. I concluded that this degree of change would not be readily recognizable by others who knew me well; however, I believed the change would register at some levels in both my own mind states and those of others. In order to maintain consistency, I kept this slouched position during all activities and at all times for th ose three days during which the experiment was being conducted. Once my body became acquainted with the new stance through some practice and conscious thought, the new posture seemed natural, which allowed me to ignore that variable as I interacted with others and carried on with my daily life. During these interactions, the differences I noticed were not significant. Others seemed to be set in their perceptions of my body such that they could not notice the difference in my posture. However, my interactions with others changed in that I felt less confident (partly because of my idea that bad posture is an unattractive trait) and less open to interpersonal interaction. A decrease in confidence may have created a feedback loop in which my behavior affected other’s interactions with me during the time of the experiment. However, as I said, there were no noticeable differences in the way others perceived or interacted with me while the manipulation of my posture was occurring. A fter the experimental period had concluded, I returned to my usual patterns, including readjusting to my normal posture. From this, I discovered the interpersonal confidence I had before the posture change and I felt less self-conscious about my attractive (or unattractive) stance. Posture, as such, does not receive much conscious thought from most people unless of course their posture is noticeably bad either to the self or to others. Overall, my normal patterns seem to have returned without any major difference. The question of whether the posture manipulation ultimately resulted in a change in my emotions depends on the situation. In some situations, the bad posture variable made me less likely to engage in interactions with others because I felt less attractive. Anxious emotions could be attached to the bad posture in that way. In other situations, the bad posture variable had no effect on how others treated me, which left emotions like happiness from acceptance unchanged. My mo od did not suffer because of a bad stance, at least according to my observations. A serious limitation to this experiment is, of course, the self-reporting on a variable I am always tempted to think about during the course of the experiment. Nevertheless, despite this limitation, I believe that emotions can be affected by posture, assuming that one has a notion of good posture as a physically attractive trait and that one either perceives himself as having a good or bad one. If the individual or the society has no

Growing Importance of the Global Economy Essay Example for Free

Growing Importance of the Global Economy Essay How has the growing importance of the global economy affected your organization’s competitiveness? The global financial crisis continues to be a severe shock to most enterprises. The initial economic downturn, the worst since the Great Depression, has affected almost all sectors of the economy. Everyone and every organization that has felt the pain. The company I work for serve the basic insurance needs of the fast-growing but largely under-served American middle income market. While many insurers have moved up-market, we are firmly committed to helping working families and retirees get basic protection through long-term care, life and supplemental health insurance products, as well as annuities How has your organization responded to this? My company offer consumer’s choice in how they buy insurance products. They can buy direct from Colonial Penn, which has special expertise in direct sales. They can purchase products across the kitchen table through career agents from Bankers Life and Casualty Company, independent agents of our Washington National Insurance Company unit or through its Performance Matters Associates marketing arm, both of which also offer voluntary benefit products to employees at the workplace. What recommendations would you make for your organization to improve its strategic decision-making? I would have consolidated and integrated all operations under a single resource with the goal of delivering improved customer service even as we reduced costs. A streamlined application and straight-through processing system has shortened customer and agent turn-around times and lowered application costs. 2013 CNO Financial Group, Inc. http//www.cnoinc.com

Health Care Museum Essay Example for Free

Health Care Museum Essay Development Description Analysis (How does the development affect the current U.S. health care system?) 1. Surgery A surgical procedure is medical treatment that involves a physician cutting into a patient’s body to repair or remove something. Surgery procedures have existed since prehistoric man. In 1540 C.E. barbers and surgeons united to form The United Barber-Surgeons Company. These barber-surgeons performed tooth extractions and bloodletting procedures. As our knowledge grows, so do our abilities. Some procedures such as tracheostomy, described in detail by Paul of Aegina (625-690 AD), remain pertinent today while others which contributed to the demise of many patients (e. g. bloodletting) were surprisingly slow to disappear (Hindle, K. S., Hindle, S. J., 2001). Surgeries save many lives. Today surgeries are used for replacements and transplants. Elective non-life threatening surgeries are performed quite commonly now. Microsurgery uses small incisions to minimize exposure and reduce the impact of the procedure all together. There is also cosmetic surgery which is usually elective and not medically necessary. With today’s surgical practices the body can be manipulated in many ways with minimal effect. 2. Technology Technology is the creation and usage of tools for achieving goals. In health care, technology is used for information purposes, to teach, and heal. We have computers that keep track of medical records. We have machines that can see through the human body. There are sensors that can collect data from a patient and transmit it wirelessly to a physician. There are even machines that aid physicians during surgery. Technology completely affects health care. It has allowed patients and doctors to stay connected better than ever. Telecommunications provide health care workers with the ability to  communicate with each other all around the world. Technology has allowed for easier storage and access to medical information. Health care workers can locate a patient’s information with the click of a button. Patients can go online and access a plethora of health information. Technology also enables us to view the body in new ways (CAT scan, x-rays). Robotics allow physicians to perform s urgeries in places where they cannot be via remote link. 3. Child Birth Beginning back in the Renaissance era barber-surgeons provide child birth services. Much later in 1716 midwives were given the ability to obtain licenses and help women through labor. Shortly after the war of 1812 medical schools began teaching birthing techniques to physicians. By the 1900’s physicians attended approximately half of the nation’s births. Child birthing at hospitals performed by physicians are much safer than the â€Å"home births† of yester years. With hospitals the patient’s area is always clean and sterile. This reduces risk for the mother and child. With physicians as the primary deliverer, complications can be handled sooner and adequately. These techniques have allowed the safe birthing of millions. This protects are future generations by keeping them safe. 4. Vaccines As the United States grew toward independence in the 1700’s, public health efforts also grew. In 1796 Dr. Edward Jenner created and tested the first vaccine (Henderson, D. A., 1997). After word of the discovery two London doctors confirmed Jenner’s findings and began wide distribution. Within 3 years the information was translated into 4 different languages and spread across 4 continents. The success of vaccines has led to a situation where many health care providers and parents have not witnessed the morbidity and mortality of the diseases for which these agents are indicated (Ruddock, B., Malak, K., 2005). Vaccines offer protection from numerous disease. Without vaccines illness would be far more rampant. 5. Medicare In 1965 President Johnson signed into law the Medicare program. Medicare provides medical access for citizens 65 and older who cannot afford care themselves. Over time the coverage has expanded to include disabled citizens  and those with end stage renal disease. Medicare gives medical access to many people who would not have it otherwise. Medicare is the government’s first program associated with public health insurance. Since then the U.S. has seen Medicaid and now recently the Affordable Care Act. Essentially, these are government programs designed to ensure care for citizens. These programs expand health care. As more people are able to have health coverage, more health care services become needed. While these programs provide protection they also stimulate growth within the medical field. Part 2 How does everything connect? Write up a comprehensive overview of how these events evolved into each other. First on my list is surgery. While child birth has been around since the dawn of man, modern birthing practices did not come into effect until the 1800’s. Surgical procedures on the other hand, have been dated back to 6500 hundred years before common era (BCE). Skulls found in France show signs of a rudimentary surgery called trepanation, which involves drilling a hole in the skull. (Heisler. J., 2014). Surgery has been a major health tool for a very long time and we are still improving upon it today. Technology comes second on the list because ever since man realized he could manipulate the body, tools have been needed to do so. Even the skulls in France required some sort of tool to drill the hole. Of course technology goes beyond simple tools. Technology encompasses numerous devices each with their own unique quality. Technology expands our capabilities and allows us to do things we simply could not do ourselves. Technology also improves child birthing techniques. Thanks to sonograms physicians can see babies inside of the womb. This gives them great insight into the condition and development of the child in the womb. Before technology such as this, parents had to wait till the day of birth before they knew anything about the child. Next on the list are vaccines. While child birth did not directly influence the invention of vaccines, technology in fact did. Without the tools to collect and hold specimens, Jenner would never have been able to conduct his research. Additionally, vaccines have improved the health status of everyone  including children. Thanks to vaccines, children (and ultimately the population) no longer have to worry about Polio and other various viruses. Most required vaccines are given to children during their developing years. This protect the child through their entire life. Last of the developments is Medicare. Vaccines didn’t directly lead to Medicare, however all other developments did. With surgical procedures, technology, vaccines, and better child birthing practices, more people are able to live longer lives. As the population’s life expectancy increases, so does the need for care in all facets of life. Programs like Medicare protect the elderly by providing health care for those who could not afford it on their own. Essentially, social policies eventually become important for societies that can provide health care. Medicare, Medicaid, and the Affordable Care Act are necessary social devices that protect U.S. citizens. References Austin, A., Wetle, V. (2012). The United States health care system: Combining business, health, and delivery. (2nd ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson Education. Lemelson-MIT. (2003, April). Louis Pasteur. Retrieved from http://web.mit.edu/invent/iow/pasteur.html Henderson, D. A. (1997). Edward Jenner’s vaccine. Public Health Reports, 112(2), 116-21. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/230183418?accountid=458 Ruddock, B., Malak, K. (2005). Sorting out risks, benefits of vaccine. Canadian Pharmacists Journal, 138(5), 59-60. Retrieved from http://search.proquest.com/docview/221177193?accountid=458 Hindle, K. S., Hindle, S. J. (2001). A history of surgery. Royal Society of Medicine (Great Britain).Journal of the Royal Society of Medicine, 94(8), 423. Retrieved from http://search.pr Heisler. J. (2014). The Evolution of Surgery. Retrieved from http://surgery.about.com/od/surgeryinthemedia/a/HistoryOfSurgeryTimeline.htm